Civil Engineering

Civil engineers may work in offices or spend much of their time on site. They may be required to work long hours and meet strict deadlines while working under minimal supervision. Civil engineers deal with various professional, skilled and semi-skilled people. Consulting and contracting engineers often travel interstate and some travel overseas. It may be necessary for some civil engineers to change residence every few years as their work takes them from one major engineering site to another. Personal Requirements: 1.      Able to identify, analyse and solve problems. 2.      Good oral and written communication skills 3.      Aptitude for computing and design 4.      Practical and creative 5.      Able to work without supervision 6.      Able to work as part of a team 7.      Able to accept responsibility 8.    ...

Objective questions 1. Principle of surveying is to prevent accumulation of errors is a. To work from whole to the part b. To work from part to whole c. Both a and b above d. None of the above 2. Under survey “working from the whole to part” is done a. To prevent the accumulation of error b. To localize the errors c. Both of the above d. None of the above 3. The curvature of the earths surface is taken into account only if the extent of survey more than a. 60 sq. kilometers b. 160 sq. kilometers c. 260 sq. kilometers d. 500 sq. kilometers 4. Geodetic survey is different from plane surveying because of a. Very large area is covered b. The curvature of the earth is considered c. Undulations of the topography d. The large difference of the elevators 5. Hydrographical survey deals with mapping of a. Large water bodies b. Canal system c. Cloud movement d. None of above 6. The survey which is carried out for determining...

Three thumb rules to be followed are as follows: 1.     Size of the Columns 2.     Distance between Columns 3.     Alignment of columns Thumb rule no.1 Size of the columns The size of the columns depends on the total load on the columns. Minimum size of the column should not be less than 9”x9”. 9”x9” columns are to be used for a single storey structure with M15 grade of concrete. In case, 9”x9” column size is to be used for 1 and half storey structure, then it is advised to use M20 grade concrete. A safe and structurally sound column size for a 1 and half storey structure should not be less than 12”x9” using M15 grade concrete. This should be in your most preferred and practical options list.   Thumb rule no.2 Distance between the columns Try to maintain equal distance between the centers of two columns. Always plan a column layout on a grid. The distance between two columns of size 9”x9” should not be mor...

RCC Structures RCC Structures are nothing but reinforced concrete structures. RCC structure is composed of building components such as Footings, Columns, Beams, Slabs, Staircase etc. These components are reinforced with steel that give stability to the structure. Staircase is one such important component in a RCC structure. Dog Legged Stair In this article, we will discuss different types of staircases and study the RCC design of a dog-legged staircase… Stairs Stairs consist of steps arranged in a series for purpose of giving access to different floors of a building. Since a stair is often the only means of communication between the various floors of a building, the location of the stair requires good and careful consideration. In a residential house, the staircase may be provided near the main entrance. In a public building, the stairs must be from the main entrance itself and located centrally, to provide quick accessibility to the principal apartments. All stai...

Foundation Design Foundation is the base of any structure. Without a firm foundation, the structure cannot stand. That is the reason why we have to be very cautious with the design of foundations because our entire structure rests on the foundation. Laying of Column Footing Reinforcement The strength of the foundation determines the life of the structure. As we discussed in the earlier article, design of foundation depends on the type of soil, type of structure and its load. On that basis, the foundations are basically divided into Shallow Foundations and Deep Foundations. In this article, we are going discuss the step by step guide to Column Footing Design. Reinforced Concrete Footings Footing comprises of the lower end of a column, pillar or wall which i enlarged with projecting courses so as to distribute load . Footings shall be designed to sustain the applied loads, moments and forces and the induced reactions and to ensure that any settlement which may occur...